. "1.0 (full mapping for classes and object properties), authored by Aldo Gangemi (aldo.gangemi@cnr.it)"^^ . "Based on DBpedia alignment, some relations seem missing from DOLCE+DnS; those are relations between entities sharing a same situation, so-called \"constructive\" relations. Formal ontologies do not typically address them, because they are considered projections of more complex ones. \n\nHowever, they are used heavily in DBpedia, therefore we need a generalization for them. The most general, added in DUL, has been called:\n\n- sameSettingAs: for entities sharing a same situation, e.g. a company and the products of its services.\n\nThere are of course several types of these situational sharing relations. The most frequent ones (not yet introduced in DUL) include:\n\n- ownership: this assumes an owning situation\n- kinship: this assumes a kinship situation\n- role playing in: for agents playing roles (typically coordination roles) within organizations, places, etc. This assumes a role playing situation\n- (most of) dependency: e.g. the ones where something has a responsibility role over something else\n- indirect precedence: for entities (other then events) that participate in events or situations of the same type, but that are temporally ordered, e.g. previous president, previous entity, etc.\n- similarity: for entities declared to be similar under an arbitrary criterion\n- causality\n- contractual terms: for entities having mutual obligations under a contract\n- symbolic association: for entities used to refer, represent, etc. something else for some reason, e.g. 'being a connotation of' for colors and political parties"^^ . "Issues:\n- dbpedia-owl:Species contains either conceptual entities (\"dbpedia:Black-faced_Hawk\"), or actual organisms (\"dbpedia:Figonero\", a dbpedia-owl:RaceHorse). Current alignment is under dul:Organism, but this can lead to inconsistencies, because concepts and organisms are in disjoint classes. There are also material errors, e.g. \"dbpedia:Extinction rdf:type dbpedia-owl:Species\"\n- location, membership, part, participation relations can have quite different meanings, because the binary tuples can be valid for all the life of an entity, or for part of it, or can be valid for some part of the entity, or for the entity as a whole, etc. In some cases, there is even some indirection (but these cases are usually aligned to sameSettingAs)\n- the usages of dbpedia-owl properties emerging from data are often different fromthose declared in the ontology ... a refinement is needed based on actual data semantics"^^ . "Some properties have no associated data (e.g. apcPresident, assembly, autonomy, chiefPlace, follows, nisCode, nrhpCode, oldDistrict, provides, richestCountry, sea, settlementAttached, sexualOrientation, sharingOutName), and some are not even described in the wiki (achievement, oldProvince, organisation, populationTotalReference, prefecture, produces, raceTrack, relatedFunctions, relatedPlaces, settlement). These have been aligned anyway if the name is reasonably intuitive, or left non-aligned otherwise.\nIn some cases, a property with that name exists in the /property/ namespace, and that information has been used for the alignment. However, most of these properties are used with either object or literals (typically the labels of actual objects), and in some cases are just datatype properties that are defined as object properties in the main dbpedia-owl (e.g. shipCrew)."^^ . "This ontology contains the mappings from the DBpedia ontology version 3.9 (and its schema.org alignments) to DOLCE+DnS Ultralite and D-Zero (a hypersimplified top-level).\nIn order to fully appreciate the results emerging from the alignments, it's convenient to run an OWL reasoner such as HermiT or Pellet.\nThe mappings cover DBpedia and schema.org classes and properties." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _:node18s6vql9bx1 . _:node18s6vql9bx1 . _:node18s6vql9bx1 _:node18s6vql9bx2 . _:node18s6vql9bx2 . _:node18s6vql9bx2 _:node18s6vql9bx3 . _:node18s6vql9bx3 . _:node18s6vql9bx3 . . . . _:node18s6vql9bx4 . _:node18s6vql9bx4 . _:node18s6vql9bx4 _:node18s6vql9bx5 . _:node18s6vql9bx5 . _:node18s6vql9bx5 _:node18s6vql9bx6 . _:node18s6vql9bx6 . _:node18s6vql9bx6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .