Working Group Note version 2013-04-30 W3C PROV Linking Across Provenance Bundles Ontology (PROV-LINKS) This document is published by the Provenance Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page). If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/ ). All feedback is welcome. This document is published by the Provenance Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page). If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome. Recommendation version 2013-04-30 W3C PROVenance Interchange Ontology (PROV-O) This document is published by the Provenance Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page). If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome. Dublin Core extensions of the W3C PROVenance Interchange Ontology (PROV-O) This document is published by the Provenance Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page). If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome. 0.2 PROV Access and Query Ontology This document is published by the Provenance Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page). If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome. W3C PROVenance Interchange Ontology (PROV-O) Dictionary Extension W3C PROVenance Interchange This document is published by the Provenance Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page). If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/ Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome. agents-responsibility SoftwareAgent http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types A software agent is running software. http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120703/prov-n.html#expression-types http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120703/prov-dm.html#term-agent expanded It is not recommended that the type AgentInfluence be asserted without also asserting one of its more specific subclasses. qualified AgentInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Agent's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of AgentInfluence use the prov:agent property to cite the influencing Agent. AgentInfluence is the capacity of an agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of attribution, association, delegation, or other. AgentInfluence Activity that identifies the Copyrighting activity associated to a resource. Copyright access-and-query Type for a generic provenance query service. Mainly for use in RDF provenance query service descriptions, to facilitate discovery in linked data environments. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/#provenance-query-service-discovery ServiceDescription http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig An instance of prov:Communication provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInformedBy relation from an informed prov:Activity to the prov:Activity that informed it. For example, :you_jumping_off_bridge prov:wasInformedBy :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:activity :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; :foo :bar ]. qualified entities-activities Communication is the exchange of an entity by two activities, one activity using the entity generated by the other. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-wasInformedBy Communication http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Communication qualified A quotation is the repeat of (some or all of) an entity, such as text or image, by someone who may or may not be its original author. Quotation is a particular case of derivation. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-quotation http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-quotation An instance of prov:Quotation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasQuotedFrom relation from some taken prov:Entity from an earlier, larger prov:Entity. For example, :here_is_looking_at_you_kid prov:wasQuotedFrom :casablanca_script; prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :casablanca_script; :foo :bar ]. derivations Quotation Role with the function of creating a resource. The Agent assigned to this role is associated with a Create Activity Creator agents-responsibility qualified A role is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-attribute http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-attribute-role Role http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-primary-source PrimarySource A primary source for a topic refers to something produced by some agent with direct experience and knowledge about the topic, at the time of the topic's study, without benefit from hindsight. Because of the directness of primary sources, they 'speak for themselves' in ways that cannot be captured through the filter of secondary sources. As such, it is important for secondary sources to reference those primary sources from which they were derived, so that their reliability can be investigated. A primary source relation is a particular case of derivation of secondary materials from their primary sources. It is recognized that the determination of primary sources can be up to interpretation, and should be done according to conventions accepted within the application's domain. An instance of prov:PrimarySource provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:hadPrimarySource relation from some secondary prov:Entity to an earlier, primary prov:Entity. For example, :blog prov:hadPrimarySource :newsArticle; prov:qualifiedPrimarySource [ a prov:PrimarySource; prov:entity :newsArticle; :foo :bar ] . derivations http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-original-source qualified expanded A location can be an identifiable geographic place (ISO 19112), but it can also be a non-geographic place such as a directory, row, or column. As such, there are numerous ways in which location can be expressed, such as by a coordinate, address, landmark, and so forth. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-attribute http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-attribute-location Location An instance of prov:Invalidation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInvalidatedBy relation from an invalidated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that invalidated it. For example, :uncracked_egg prov:wasInvalidatedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedInvalidation [ a prov:Invalidation; prov:activity :baking; :foo :bar ]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Invalidation http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig Invalidation qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Invalidation Invalidation is the start of the destruction, cessation, or expiry of an existing entity by an activity. The entity is no longer available for use (or further invalidation) after invalidation. Any generation or usage of an entity precedes its invalidation. entities-activities Role with the function of publishing a resource. The Agent assigned to this role is associated with a Publish Activity Publisher A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity. qualified derivations An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some derived prov:Entity to another prov:Entity from which it was derived. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#Derivation-Relation Derivation The more specific forms of prov:Derivation (i.e., prov:Revision, prov:Quotation, prov:PrimarySource) should be asserted if they apply. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Derivation Role with the function of having responsibility for making contributions to a resource. The Agent assigned to this role is associated with a Modify or Create Activities Contributor http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-attribution Attribution An instance of prov:Attribution provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAttributedTo relation from an prov:Entity to some prov:Agent that had some responsible for it. For example, :cake prov:wasAttributedTo :baker; prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ]. agents-responsibility qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-attribution Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. When an entity e is attributed to agent ag, entity e was generated by some unspecified activity that in turn was associated to agent ag. Thus, this relation is useful when the activity is not known, or irrelevant. Activity that identifies the modification of a resource. Modify http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig Entity http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-entity http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Entity starting-point entities-activities An entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. Insertion http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints 1 collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-insertion Insertion is a derivation that describes the transformation of a dictionary into another, by insertion of one or more key-entity pairs. collections 1 http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-insertion collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-conceptual-definition An empty collection is a collection without members. collections expanded EmptyCollection collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints An empty dictionary (i.e. has no members). http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary Empty Dictionary Type for a generic provenance query service. Mainly for use in RDF provenance query service descriptions, to facilitate discovery in linked data environments. access-and-query http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/#provenance-query-service-discovery ProvenanceService An instance of prov:Revision provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasRevisionOf relation from some newer prov:Entity to an earlier prov:Entity. For example, :draft_2 prov:wasRevisionOf :draft_1; prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :draft_1; :foo :bar ]. derivations http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-revision A revision is a derivation for which the resulting entity is a revised version of some original. The implication here is that the resulting entity contains substantial content from the original. Revision is a particular case of derivation. Revision qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Revision An instance of prov:Delegation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:actedOnBehalfOf relation from a performing prov:Agent to some prov:Agent for whom it was performed. For example, :mixing prov:wasAssociatedWith :toddler . :toddler prov:actedOnBehalfOf :mother; prov:qualifiedDelegation [ a prov:Delegation; prov:entity :mother; :foo :bar ]. qualified agents-responsibility Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to an agent (by itself or by another agent) to carry out a specific activity as a delegate or representative, while the agent it acts on behalf of retains some responsibility for the outcome of the delegated work. For example, a student acted on behalf of his supervisor, who acted on behalf of the department chair, who acted on behalf of the university; all those agents are responsible in some way for the activity that took place but we do not say explicitly who bears responsibility and to what degree. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-delegation http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-delegation Delegation http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-End http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig entities-activities qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-End An instance of prov:End provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasEndedBy relation from some ended prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that ended it. For example, :ball_game prov:wasEndedBy :buzzer; prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :buzzer; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ]. End End is when an activity is deemed to have been ended by an entity, known as trigger. The activity no longer exists after its end. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity precedes the activity's end. An end may refer to a trigger entity that terminated the activity, or to an activity, known as ender that generated the trigger. Activity that identifies the replacement of a resource. Replace agents-responsibility starting-point An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Agent http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent Agent collections Key-Entity Pair 1 A key-entity pair. Part of a prov:Dictionary through prov:hadDictionaryMember. The key is any RDF Literal, the value is a prov:Entity. collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-membership http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-membership http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints 1 A collection is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be member of the collections. expanded collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-collection Collection Activity that identifies the issuance (e.g., publication) of a resource. Submit An activity association is an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity. It further allows for a plan to be specified, which is the plan intended by the agent to achieve some goals in the context of this activity. qualified Association agents-responsibility http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Association http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Association An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ]. Role with the function of owning or managing rights over a resource. The Agent assigned to this role is associated with a RightsAssignment Activity RightsHolder Activity that identifies the rights assignment of a resource. RightsAssignment Activity that identifies the creation of a resource Create Activity that identifies any contribution of an agent to a resource. Contribute Person agents are people. agents-responsibility expanded http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent Person This concept allows for the provenance of the dictionary, but also of its constituents to be expressed. Such a notion of dictionary corresponds to a wide variety of concrete data structures, such as a maps or associative arrays. A given dictionary forms a given structure for its members. A different structure (obtained either by insertion or removal of members) constitutes a different dictionary. A dictionary is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be member of the dictionary. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints Dictionary http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary collections collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-conceptual-definition starting-point entities-activities An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities. Activity http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Activity http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Activity derivations Influence Influence is the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-influence An instance of prov:Influence provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInfluencedBy relation from some influenced Activity, Entity, or Agent to the influencing Activity, Entity, or Agent. For example, :stomach_ache prov:wasInfluencedBy :spoon; prov:qualifiedInfluence [ a prov:Influence; prov:entity :spoon; :foo :bar ] . Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (Communication, Delegation, End, etc.) should be used when applicable. Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, its most specific subclasses (e.g. prov:Communication, prov:Delegation, prov:End, prov:Revision, etc.) should be used when applicable. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-influence qualified expanded qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Association There exist no prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time, it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations. Plan http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Association A plan is an entity that represents a set of actions or steps intended by one or more agents to achieve some goals. agents-responsibility Generation is the completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Generation entities-activities Generation http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Generation An instance of prov:Generation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasGeneratedBy relation from a generated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that generated it. For example, :cake prov:wasGeneratedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:activity :baking; :foo :bar ]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-removal 1 http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-removal collections 1 collections Removal Removal is a derivation that describes the transformation of a dictionary into another, by removing one or more keys. ActivityInfluence ActivitiyInfluence is the capacity of an activity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of generation, invalidation, communication, or other. It is not recommended that the type ActivityInfluence be asserted without also asserting one of its more specific subclasses. qualified ActivityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Activity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of ActivityInfluence use the prov:activity property to cite the influencing Activity. 0 Usage An instance of prov:Usage provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:used relation from some prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that it used. For example, :keynote prov:used :podium; prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :podium; :foo :bar ]. Usage is the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity. Before usage, the activity had not begun to utilize this entity and could not have been affected by the entity. qualified entities-activities http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Usage http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Usage http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig Start is when an activity is deemed to have been started by an entity, known as trigger. The activity did not exist before its start. Any usage, generation, or invalidation involving an activity follows the activity's start. A start may refer to a trigger entity that set off the activity, or to an activity, known as starter, that generated the trigger. entities-activities An instance of prov:Start provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedBy relation from some started prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that started it. For example, :foot_race prov:wasStartedBy :bang; prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :bang; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ] . qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Start Start http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Start agents-responsibility expanded An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent Organization Activity that identifies the publication of a resource Publish qualified It is not recommended that the type EntityInfluence be asserted without also asserting one of its more specific subclasses. EntityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Entity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of EntityInfluence use the prov:entity property to cite the influencing Entity. EntityInfluence is the capacity of an entity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, derivation, or other. EntityInfluence qualified The PROV data model is implicitly based on a notion of instantaneous events (or just events), that mark transitions in the world. Events include generation, usage, or invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities. This notion of event is not first-class in the data model, but it is useful for explaining its other concepts and its semantics. An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous. entities-activities http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#dfn-event InstantaneousEvent Note that there are kinds of bundles (e.g. handwritten letters, audio recordings, etc.) that are not expressed in PROV-O, but can be still be described by PROV-O. A bundle is a named set of provenance descriptions, and is itself an Entity, so allowing provenance of provenance to be expressed. expanded http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-bundle-declaration http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-bundle-entity Bundle Activity that identifies the acceptance of a resource (e.g., an article in a conference) Accept qualified hadActivity The _optional_ Activity of an Influence, which used, generated, invalidated, or was the responsibility of some Entity. This property is _not_ used by ActivityInfluence (use prov:activity instead). wasActivityOfInfluence The multiple rdfs:domain assertions are intended. One is simpler and works for OWL-RL, the union is more specific but is not recognized by OWL-RL. derivations This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href="#owl-profile">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>. If this Entity prov:wasQuotedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. qualifiedQuotation qualified derivations qualifiedQuotationOf collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-removal http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints qualifiedRemoval http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-removal collections prov:qualifiedRemoval shows the details of a removal, in particular the removed keys. qualified The prov:agent property references an prov:Agent which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:AgentInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent. This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple. agentOfInfluence agent wasQuotedFrom quotedAs An entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or 'quoting', some or all of it. derivations expanded specializationOf http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-specialization http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120703/prov-n.html#expression-specialization http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-specialization expanded An entity that is a specialization of another shares all aspects of the latter, and additionally presents more specific aspects of the same thing as the latter. In particular, the lifetime of the entity being specialized contains that of any specialization. Examples of aspects include a time period, an abstraction, and a context associated with the entity. http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120703/prov-constraints.html#prov-dm-constraints-fig generalizationOf http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig alternate http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-prov-dm-20120703/prov-dm.html#term-specialization expanded agents-responsibility wasInfluencedBy influenced derivations qualifiedSourceOf qualified If this Entity prov:hadPrimarySource Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedPrimarySource [ a prov:PrimarySource; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. qualifiedPrimarySource access-and-query Relates a resource to a provenance pingback service that may receive additional provenance links about the resource. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/#provenance-pingback provenance pingback hadMention mentionOf prov:mentionOf is used to specialize an entity as described in another bundle. It is to be used in conjuction with prov:asInBundle. prov:asInBundle is used to cite the Bundle in which the generalization was mentioned. qualifiedDerivationOf derivations If this Entity prov:wasDerivedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was derived using prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. qualifiedDerivation qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-insertion collections collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-insertion An object property to refer to the prov:KeyEntityPair inserted into a prov:Dictionary. insertedKeyEntityPair qualifiedAttributionOf agents-responsibility qualified qualifiedAttribution If this Entity prov:wasAttributedTo Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]. contributed agents-responsibility starting-point Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. wasAttributedTo Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent. wasGeneratedBy starting-point generated entities-activities qualified prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity), in the context of an instantaneous usage, generation, association, start, and end. The _optional_ Role that an Entity assumed in the context of an Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :spoon; prov:hadRole roles:mixing_implement ]. hadRole This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href="#owl-profile">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>. wasRoleIn agents-responsibility agents-responsibility wasAssociateFor wasAssociatedWith starting-point An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity. access-and-query Indicates a provenance-URI for a resource; the resource identified by this property presents a provenance record about its subject or anchor resource. provenanceOf http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/#resource-represented-as-html has_provenance expanded The Location of any resource. This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href="#owl-profile">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>. locationOf This property is not functional because the many values could be at a variety of granularies (In this building, in this room, in that chair). The naming of prov:atLocation parallels prov:atTime, and is not named prov:hadLocation to avoid conflicting with the convention that prov:had* properties are used on prov:Influence classes. atLocation qualifiedCommunicationOf qualified qualifiedCommunication entities-activities If this Activity prov:wasInformedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ]. qualifiedStartOf If this Activity prov:wasStartedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ]. entities-activities qualifiedStart qualified anchorOf Indicates anchor URI for a potentially dynamic resource instance. access-and-query http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/#resource-represented-as-html has_anchor Indicates a provenance query service that can access provenance related to its subject or anchor resource. provenanceQueryServiceOf access-and-query http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/ hasProvenanceService entityOfInfluence qualified This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple. The prov:entity property references an prov:Entity which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:EntityInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent. entity influencer hadInfluence http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-influence This property is used as part of the qualified influence pattern. Subclasses of prov:Influence use these subproperties to reference the resource (Entity, Agent, or Activity) whose influence is being qualified. qualified Subproperties of prov:influencer are used to cite the object of an unqualified PROV-O triple whose predicate is a subproperty of prov:wasInfluencedBy (e.g. prov:used, prov:wasGeneratedBy). prov:influencer is used much like rdf:object is used. This property and its subproperties are used in the same way as the rdf:object property, i.e. to reference the object of an unqualified prov:wasInfluencedBy or prov:influenced triple. The dictionary was derived from the other by insertion. Can be qualified with prov:qualifiedInsertion, which shows details of the insertion, in particular the inserted key-entity pairs. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-insertion collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-insertion derivedByInsertionFrom The _optional_ Plan adopted by an Agent in Association with some Activity. Plan specifications are out of the scope of this specification. agents-responsibility qualified hadPlan wasPlanOf contextOf asInBundle prov:asInBundle is used to specify which bundle the general entity of a prov:mentionOf property is described. When :x prov:mentionOf :y and :y is described in Bundle :b, the triple :x prov:asInBundle :b is also asserted to cite the Bundle in which :y was described. wasUsedInDerivation hadUsage derivations qualified The _optional_ Usage involved in an Entity's Derivation. wasPrimarySourceOf expanded derivations hadPrimarySource qualified activityOfInfluence This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple. The prov:activity property references an prov:Activity which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:ActivityInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent. activity If this Activity prov:wasAssociatedWith Agent :ag, then it can qualify the Association using prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]. agents-responsibility qualifiedAssociation qualifiedAssociationOf qualified hadRevision derivations expanded wasRevisionOf A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version. ended End is when an activity is deemed to have ended. An end may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that terminated the activity. entities-activities expanded wasEndedBy An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity. agents-responsibility actedOnBehalfOf hadDelegate starting-point wasUsedBy used A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven . starting-point entities-activities started wasStartedBy expanded entities-activities Start is when an activity is deemed to have started. A start may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that initiated the activity. entities-activities If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. qualifiedUsingActivity qualifiedUsage qualified If this Activity prov:generated Entity :e, then it can qualify how it performed the Generation using prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. qualified entities-activities qualifiedGenerationOf qualifiedGeneration collections The dictionary was derived from the other by removal. Can be qualified with prov:qualifiedRemoval, which shows details of the removal, in particular the removed keys. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-removal derivedByRemovalFrom http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-removal collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints starting-point An activity a2 is dependent on or informed by another activity a1, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by a1 and used by a2. informed wasInformedBy entities-activities derivations Because prov:qualifiedInfluence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (qualifiedCommunication, qualifiedDelegation, qualifiedEnd, etc.) should be used when applicable. qualifiedInfluence qualifiedInfluenceOf qualified http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-membership http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints hadDictionaryMember Describes the key-entity pair that was member of a prov:Dictionary. A dictionary can have multiple members. collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-membership collections The more specific subproperties of prov:wasDerivedFrom (i.e., prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource) should be used when applicable. hadDerivation derivations starting-point wasDerivedFrom A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity. expanded expanded hadMember wasMemberOf http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-insertion http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints prov:qualifiedInsertion shows the details of an insertion, in particular the inserted key-entity pairs. collections collections qualifiedInsertion http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-insertion prov:generated is one of few inverse property defined, to allow Activity-oriented assertions in addition to Entity-oriented assertions. entities-activities expanded wasGeneratedBy generated qualifiedDelegation qualified agents-responsibility If this Agent prov:actedOnBehalfOf Agent :ag, then it can qualify how with prov:qualifiedResponsibility [ a prov:Responsibility; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]. qualifiedDelegationOf relates a generic provenance query service resource (type prov:ServiceDescription) to a specific query service description (e.g. a prov:DirectQueryService or a sd:Service). access-and-query serviceDescribedBy http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/rovenance-query-service-description describesService qualifiedEnd qualifiedEndOf If this Activity prov:wasEndedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was ended using prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ]. entities-activities qualified agents-responsibility qualified This property has multiple RDFS domains to suit multiple OWL Profiles. See <a href="#owl-profile">PROV-O OWL Profile</a>. wasInfluencedBy influenced The sub-properties of prov:wasInfluencedBy can be elaborated in more detail using the Qualification Pattern. For example, the binary relation :baking prov:used :spoon can be qualified by asserting :baking prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :spoon; prov:atLocation :kitchen ] . Subproperties of prov:wasInfluencedBy may also be asserted directly without being qualified. prov:wasInfluencedBy should not be used without also using one of its subproperties. Because prov:wasInfluencedBy is a broad relation, its more specific subproperties (e.g. prov:wasInformedBy, prov:actedOnBehalfOf, prov:wasEndedBy, etc.) should be used when applicable. entities-activities prov:invalidated is one of few inverse property defined, to allow Activity-oriented assertions in addition to Entity-oriented assertions. invalidated expanded wasInvalidatedBy entities-activities invalidated expanded wasInvalidatedBy alternateOf alternate Two alternate entities present aspects of the same thing. These aspects may be the same or different, and the alternate entities may or may not overlap in time. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-alternate http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-alternate expanded alternateOf http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig qualifiedRevision revisedEntity derivations qualified If this Entity prov:wasRevisionOf Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was revised using prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-removal The property used by a prov:Insertion and prov:Removal to cite the prov:Dictionary that was prov:derivedByInsertionFrom or prov:derivedByRemovalFrom another dictionary. dictionary http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-removal http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-insertion collections collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-insertion If this Entity prov:wasInvalidatedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was invalidated using prov:qualifiedInvalidation [ a prov:Invalidation; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ]. qualifiedInvalidationOf qualified entities-activities qualifiedInvalidation derivations qualified hadGeneration generatedAsDerivation The _optional_ Generation involved in an Entity's Derivation. invalidatedAtTime The time at which an entity was invalidated (i.e., no longer usable). entities-activities It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedInvalidation o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:invalidatedAtTime. expanded It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedEnd o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:endedAtTime. The time at which an activity ended. See also prov:startedAtTime. starting-point entities-activities endedAtTime entities-activities The time at which an entity was completely created and is available for use. It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedGeneration o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:generatedAtTime. generatedAtTime expanded The key of a prov:KeyEntityPair, which is an element of a prov:Dictionary. collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-membership collections pairKey http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-membership value http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-attribute-value Provides a value that is a direct representation of an entity. entities-activities expanded This property serves the same purpose as rdf:value, but has been reintroduced to avoid some of the definitional ambiguity in the RDF specification (specifically, 'may be used in describing structured values'). The editor's definition comes from http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/#rdfvalue entities-activities It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedStart o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:startedAtTime. starting-point startedAtTime The time at which an activity started. See also prov:endedAtTime. http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-removal http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints collections removedKey The key removed in a Removal. collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-removal Relates a provenance service to a URI template string for constructing provenance-URIs. access-and-query http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-aq-20130430/ provenanceUriTemplate atTime The time at which an InstantaneousEvent occurred, in the form of xsd:dateTime. entities-activities qualified The entity of a prov:KeyEntityPair, which is an element of a prov:Dictionary. collections http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#expression-dictionary-membership pairKey http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#term-dictionary-membership http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-dictionary-20130430/#dictionary-constraints collections hadInfluence agentOfInfluence A reference to the principal section of the PROV-CONSTRAINTS document that describes this concept. hadDerivation wasRoleIn http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-influence influencee: an identifier (o2) for an entity, activity, or agent; qualifiedDelegationOf Derivation is a particular case of trace (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-trace), since it links an entity to another entity that contributed to its existence. hadDelegate hadPrimarySource property is a particular case of wasDerivedFrom (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-original-source) that aims to give credit to the source that originated some information. hadRevision PROV-O does not define all property inverses. The directionalities defined in PROV-O should be given preference over those not defined. However, if users wish to name the inverse of a PROV-O property, the local name given by prov:inverse should be used. qualifiedAttributionOf qualifiedGenerationOf http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-collection A collection is an entity that provides a structure to some constituents, which are themselves entities. These constituents are said to be member of the collections. Quotation is a particular case of derivation (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-quotation) in which an entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or "quoting", some or all of it. wasUsedInDerivation wasAssociateFor A reference to the principal section of the PROV-DM document that describes this concept. wasPlanOf revisedEntity qualifiedInvalidationOf qualifiedStartOf Classify prov-o terms into three categories, including 'starting-point', 'qualifed', and 'extended'. This classification is used by the prov-o html document to gently introduce prov-o terms to its users. locationOf ended A definition quoted from PROV-DM or PROV-CONSTRAINTS that describes the concept expressed with this OWL term. When the prov-o term does not have a definition drawn from prov-dm, and the prov-o editor provides one. wasMemberOf generatedAsDerivation qualifiedEndOf started qualifiedInfluenceOf activityOfInfluence A reference to the principal section of the PROV-M document that describes this concept. A reference to the principal section of the PROV-DM document that describes this concept. qualifiedCommunicationOf wasPrimarySourceOf wasUsedBy A note by the OWL development team about how this term expresses the PROV-DM concept, or how it should be used in context of semantic web or linked data. contributed generalizationOf The position that this OWL term should be listed within documentation. The scope of the documentation (e.g., among all terms, among terms within a prov:category, among properties applying to a particular class, etc.) is unspecified. Classes and properties used to qualify relationships are annotated with prov:unqualifiedForm to indicate the property used to assert an unqualified provenance relation. qualifiedQuotationOf qualifiedDerivationOf This annotation property links a subproperty of prov:wasInfluencedBy with the subclass of prov:Influence and the qualifying property that are used to qualify it. Example annotation: prov:wasGeneratedBy prov:qualifiedForm prov:qualifiedGeneration, prov:Generation . Then this unqualified assertion: :entity1 prov:wasGeneratedBy :activity1 . can be qualified by adding: :entity1 prov:qualifiedGeneration :entity1Gen . :entity1Gen a prov:Generation, prov:Influence; prov:activity :activity1; :customValue 1337 . Note how the value of the unqualified influence (prov:wasGeneratedBy :activity1) is mirrored as the value of the prov:activity (or prov:entity, or prov:agent) property on the influence class. quotedAs entityOfInfluence qualifiedSourceOf wasActivityOfInfluence informed Revision is a derivation (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-Revision). Moreover, according to http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#term-Revision 23 April 2012 'wasRevisionOf is a strict sub-relation of wasDerivedFrom since two entities e2 and e1 may satisfy wasDerivedFrom(e2,e1) without being a variant of each other.' http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-influence influencer: an identifier (o1) for an ancestor entity, activity, or agent that the former depends on; IF wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr) holds, THEN wasInfluencedBy(e2,ag1) also holds. Attribution is a particular case of trace (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#concept-trace), in the sense that it links an entity to the agent that ascribed it. qualifiedAssociationOf qualifiedUsingActivity Classify prov-o terms into six components according to prov-dm, including 'agents-responsibility', 'alternate', 'annotations', 'collections', 'derivations', and 'entities-activities'. This classification is used so that readers of prov-o specification can find its correspondence with the prov-dm specification. wasInfluencedBy influenced generated wasGeneratedBy invalidated wasInvalidatedBy alternateOf