A quick and dirty collection of values, with their provenance and some of their expressed relations, from the Web.
Relations include negative oppositions from Haidt (e.g. from Haidt J. and Graham J. When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions that Liberals may not Recognize. Social Justice Research, Vol. 20, No. 1, March 2007, 10.1007/s11211-007-0034-z), subsumptions from Schwartz' circumplex model (e.g. from
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 25, 1–65. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6; Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2, 1, 10.9707/2307-0919.1116; Schwartz, S. H. (2014). Rethinking the concept and measurement of societal culture in light of empirical findings. J. Cross. Cult. Psychol. 45, 5–13, 10.1177/ 0022022113490830; Schwartz, S. H. A. (2006). theory of cultural value orientations: Explication and applications. Comp. Soc. 5, 137–182. doi: 10.1163/1569133067786 67357), and some clearly contrastive oppositions, also from Schwartz'.
Subsumptions pair subclass taxonomies (following the D&S super-duper punning). Relations allow to infer a quite complex taxonomy, deserving investigation.
Apparently, the circumplex model and related glosses hint at a more complex model of values (involving e.g. norms, goals, equilibria, causality, etc.), which needs to be designed, and used to refactor this collection with analytic axioms.
For example, Self-protection values should include roles played by Self and Others, action or event types that may prize or harm the Self, parameters establishing the protection dimensions, related social and legal norms aimed at (or limiting) Self-protection, etc.
Most values collected on the Web seem to reuse academic studies such as Schwartz, Haidt, etc., but it is interesting to spot the convergence among psychological, business, military, and cultural contexts.
Several values found in Web lists have no obvious subsumers in Schwartz' hiearchy, and need refinement. Not all values feature a gloss, and many of them feature glosses with a provenance of suspicious quality.
Overall, some redundance may exist, even within established models, e.g. the difference between Personal Security and Self-protection in Schwartz92 might be blurred.
Finally, a first extraction of value-related frames from Framester has been done, leading to 7 conceptual frames and 6 synset frames that cover all senses of 'value', from proper normative/goal senses to commercial and informational senses.
A much deeper extraction needs to be done by using the labels from the value collection, and attempting a transitive closure across Framester and its modules, in order to discover possible inconsistencies, problematic inferences, typical roles, associations to sentiment polarity and emotions, visual categories, etc.
0.1, 04-03-2021, by Aldo Gangemi
Schwartz' contrastive opposition relation, designed as a symmetric property. In Schwartz' theory, such contrast entails conflict, and should lead to a disjointness relation between the situation classes satisfying the contrasted values. However, the conflict assumption is heavily debated in literature.
contrasts
A (judgmentally, culturally dependent) opposition between a (positive) value, and a negative one. Cf. Haidt and Graham 2007, who however claim the universality of the polarity. Due to the asymmetry in the notion, the relation is not symmetric.
Cultural values represent ideals that shape the beliefs and actions of individuals and groups in the culture. They act as societal responses to three main challenges to a successful cohabitation: relations between individuals and groups (contrasting Intellectual/Affective Autonomy vs. Embeddedness); the way individuals act in a responsible manner toward preserving the well-being of their society (contrasting Egalitarianism vs. Hierarchy); individuals’ interests regarding the natural and social environment (contrasting Harmony vs. Mastery) (Schwartz2006).
In contrast to individual values, which are observable constructs affecting individual behavior, cultural values are abstract constructs (Schwartz2014), which manifest in various forms ranging from written artifacts to knowledge that members of the culture communicate amongst each other.
Methodological discussion in: Erich H. Witte, Adrian Stanciu and Klaus Boehnke. A New Empirical Approach to Intercultural Comparisons of Value Preferences Based on Schwartz’s Theory. Front. Psychol., 14 July 2020, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01723
Actions pursuing one value “have consequences that conflict with some values but are congruent with others.” This has “practical, psychological, and social consequences.” “Of course, people can and do pursue competing values, but not in a single act. Rather, they do so through different acts, at different times, and in different settings.”
Individual values are responses to three universal requirements: biological needs, agreement on social actions, survival and well-being of groups (Schwartz1992).
Individual values are subjective beliefs of individuals (a) associated with affect, (b) referring to goals that motivate action, (c) transcending specific situations, (d) serving as evaluative standards, (e) ordered according to their relative (our emphasis) importance, and (f) guiding individuals’ action
(Schwartz2102).
Schwartz: The relative importance of multiple values guides action. Any attitude or behaviour typically has implications for more than one value. … The tradeoff among relevant, competing values guides attitudes and behaviors… Values influence action when they are relevant in the context (hence likely to be activated) and important to the actor.
Schwartz: Values are beliefs linked inextricably to affect. When values are activated, they become infused with feeling.
Schwartz: Values are ordered by importance relative to one another. People’s values form an ordered system of priorities that characterize them as individuals.
Schwartz: Values refer to desirable goals that motivate action.
Schwartz: Values serve as standards or criteria. Values guide the selection or evaluation of actions, policies, people, and events. People decide what is good or bad, justified or illegitimate, worth doing or avoiding, based on possible consequences for their cherished values. But the impact of values in everyday decisions is rarely conscious. Values enter awareness when the actions or judgments one is considering have conflicting implications for different values one cherishes.
Schwartz: Values transcend specific actions and situations. … This feature distinguishes values from norms and attitudes that usually refer to specific actions, objects, or situations.
betrayal
Haidt
cheating
Haidt
degradation
Haidt
harm
Haidt
The negative value, according to which 'life is meaningless'.
life is meaningless
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
oppression
Haidt
2021-03-05T00:59:05Z
The negative value, according to which other people are fundamentally untrustworthy and unloving.
Other people are fundamentally untrustworthy and unloving
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
2021-03-05T00:57:07Z
The negative value, according to which people are powerless to change their fates or personal situations.
People are powerless to change their fates or personal situations
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
2021-03-05T00:58:08Z
The negative value, according to which self doesn’t deserve good things or relationships in life.
Self doesn’t deserve good things or relationships in life
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
2021-03-05T00:55:42Z
The negative value, according to which world is a fundamentally brutal place and only the strong survive.
World is a fundamentally brutal place and only the strong survive
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
subversion
Haidt
hold dear; "I prize these old photographs"
regard highly; think much of; "I respect his judgement"; "We prize his creativity"
a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; "the value assigned was 16 milliseconds"
the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable; "the Shakespearean Shylock is of dubious value in the modern world"
fix or determine the value of; assign a value to; "value the jewelry and art work in the estate"
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Our world has billions of people in it–all of whom are somehow unique. Being able to accept people who are completely different from you can help increase the pleasure and enlightenment in your life.
acceptance
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
accomplishment
accountability
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
accuracy
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Whether you’re working with data at work or in your personal life, valuing accuracy allows you to gain the necessary insight to make the best decisions. While some people and companies focus a great deal of attention on getting as much information as possible, the information gathered is not always correct, and often people gain knowledge that they don’t even know what to do with. But if you value accuracy, you will be less likely to make errors or waste time with useless information.
Accomplishing something in your life or work that is noteworthy could be something that adds a unique sense of value to your life. Your achievement values impact your motivation because your incentive to work outweighs the cost of doing so.
Schwartz92
Defining goal: personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards.
achievement
Schwartz92
action
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
adaptability
Those who value adventure lead rich and exciting lives by seeking out new experiences to expand their skills and existence.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
adventure
adventure , adventurous
affective autonomy
Schwartz2006
alertness
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Those who value altruism have an unselfish concern for other people. They perform random acts of kindness on a regular basis and do things to help others for the sole reason of benefitting someone else in some way. Valuing altruism means you don’t feel obligated to do anything for others due to having a sense of loyalty or even for religious reasons. If you make it a priority to do selfless acts, you value altruism.
altruism
Schwartz92
ambition
ambition , ambitious
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
amusement
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
analysis
anticipation
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
anxiety avoidance
Schwartz92
Schwartz92
anxiety-free
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
approachability
approachability , attainability , attainable
People who hold a personal core value of being approachable want others to feel free to come to them with problems. People who want to be approachable often easily gain the trust of other people.
assertion
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Those who value being assertive know what they want, act quickly to obtain it, and do what they have to do to be successful.
assertion , assertiveness
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
association
attentiveness
attentiveness , attentive
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
Not valuing authenticity, especially when it comes to your own actions, can result in anxiety, frustration, depression, and a loss of meaning in your life. Many people present themselves in a way they believe is the most socially acceptable or in a way that they think other people want them to present themselves.
authenticity
Haidt, Schwartz92
authority
awareness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
balance
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
If one of your personal core values is balance, you prevent any one thing from taking over your life. Between your career, family, friends, and hobbies, you make sure to keep your own personal enjoyment in mind and you level out your stress with relaxation.
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
beauty
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
belief in God
beliefs
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
Schwartz92
benevolence
Defining goal: preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent personal contact (the ‘in-group’).
boldness , bold
boldness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
bravery
When one of your personal core values is bravery, it means that you always do the right thing, even if you’re the only person making the tough decision.
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
brilliance
building communities
calmness
calmness , calm
Valuing calmness helps you stay relatively relaxed and think logically during high-pressure situations. This is an important value to hold if you often face adversity, because with a calm mind, you can have mental clarity and find solutions to problems you’re facing by making reasonable decisions or compromises with other people rather than fighting. This article offers some tips to help you calm your mind if you feel like it’s constantly racing.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
candor
Being able to tell things like they are is a helpful core value because many people shy away from the truth in fear of hurting others or becoming chastised.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
capable
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
carefulness
carefulness , care , caring
Haidt, https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
certainty
challenge
Valuing challenge and continually finding different avenues to challenge yourself is one of the best ways to ensure consistent personal growth. Facing challenges allows you opportunities to thrive and push yourself beyond what you once believed to be your limits to accomplish things and make progress. The more willing you are to face challenges, the richer your life will be.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
charity
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
clarity
clarity , clear
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
cleanliness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
cleverness
Working together by sharing your ideas with others can result in accomplishing something great. Collaborating with others will often lead to something that is greater than the sum of its parts.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
collaboration
comfort
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
People commit to things that they believe in–whether that’s a relationship, a new opportunity, or anything else that seems truly promising. Those who value commitment are good at managing both personal and professional relationships, especially when it comes to handling conflicts, building a sense of trust, collaborating with others, and working well on a team. When commitment is on your list of values, you likely also have:A strong work ethic; Feelings of accountability; Passion; Discipline.
commitment
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
common sense
Valuing communication involves not only having information relayed properly to you, but also ensuring that your own thoughts are effectively heard by other people.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
communication
community
Valuing community means striving to create a sense of belongingness in your surroundings and being willing to give back to places that have contributed to who you are today.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
compassion
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
competence
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
Holding a value of competition means that you are able to gain energy through a sense of rivalry to be the most respected in a domain. But it's important to learn the difference between healthy and unhealthy competition.
competition
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
compliance
Being compliant does not mean you’re weak. There is a lot of value in having the ability to follow directions or take the advice of a superior.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
The ability to remain calm in the face of adversity and control your emotions helps people trust you and feel like you’re a reliable and poised person.
composure
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
concentration
concern for others
Schwartz92
Being confident often helps people trust you and your decisions. When you value confidence, it suggests you also value competence. Your confidence is the sense of value that you place on yourself and the faith you have in your own capabilities. It gives you the strength to pursue what you want in life.
confidence
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Defining goal: restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms.
conformity
Schwartz92
congruence
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
This involves being true to your authentic self and communicating to others externally in a way that matches your internal thoughts and feelings.
connection , connectedness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
connection
consciousness
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
consent
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
This dimension captures the conflict between values that emphasize independence of thought, action, and feelings and readiness for change (self-direction, stimulation) and values that emphasize order, self-restriction, preservation of the past, and resistance to change (security, conformity, tradition).”
Wanting to conserve what you currently have and not constantly seeking more resources to consume is an important value to have. When you value conservation, there is a good chance that you are satisfied with the things you have and content in your life.
Schwartz92
conservation
consideration
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
Being considerate of others, even if they aren’t around, is a strong value to have. This means leaving places better than you found them and keeping other people’s needs in mind.
Consistency often gives people reassurance in the decisions that they make because they can rely on a certain process that they’re used to.
consistency
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
contentment
People who value continuous learning are the same people who value self-improvement and continued success. With access to information at our fingertips, those who value continuous learning are in luck, as the ability to teach oneself about any topic is simple.
continuous learning
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
contribution
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
control
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
control over resources
Schwartz92
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
conviction
cooperation
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
courage
As one of the principal characteristics of leadership, courage guarantees a lot of other great qualities in a leader. Courage demonstrates confidence and a willingness to use your voice to influence others. Courage is an important value to have because it defines your decision to act according to your values and work toward your goals instead of letting yourself be distracted or allured by irrelevant and potentially harmful temptations.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
courtesy
creativity
creativity , creativeness , creation
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
If you value creativity, you enjoy using your imagination to solve problems or generate new ideas. Valuing creativity supports your ability to make a change in society that other people find significant.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
credibility
curiosity
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
daring
Schwartz92
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
decision_making
decision-Making , decisive
Taking personal responsibility for initiating a course of action may be of high value to you. This means that you find it fulfilling to act according to your own conscience without having to be prompted by an external force.
decisiveness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
dedication
dependability
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Refusing to give up when things get tough changes challenging situations into opportunities for triumph.
determination
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
development
devotion , devout
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
devotion
dignity
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
discipline
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
discovery
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
distinctiveness
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
Diversity isn’t only about accepting people from different cultures; it is about seeking out opportunities to interact with people who have various backgrounds in order to learn new perspectives.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
diversity
doing good
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
Schwartz92
dominance over people
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
drive
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
dutiful
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
earning trust
economy
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Aside from achieving a certification of educational accomplishment, valuing education involves the process of being a lifelong learner and continuing to gain understanding through perceptive insight. Those who value education know that it is never too late to learn–even in a formal learning environment.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
education
effectiveness
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
efficiency
Valuing efficiency means knowing how to work smarter, not harder. When people are able to work together in balance, work can flow smoothly and things can get done. Valuing this type of operational excellence–whether that is for a group or an individual–means always being prepared for change and improvement in your work.
Schwartz2006
egalitarianism
embeddedness
2021-03-05T10:12:25Z
Aldo Gangemi
2021-03-05T10:05:01Z
Schwartz2006
empathy
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
empowerment
empowerment , empower
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
endurance
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
energy
enjoyment
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
enthusiasm
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Both individuals and companies are becoming increasingly concerned about environmental sustainability to protect the earth for future generations in addition to our own. According to the EPA, air pollution can increase one’s risk of suffering from health issues such as heart attacks, lung disease, and premature mortality. Further, the CDC has reported that the pollution in water can increase one’s risks of developing gastrointestinal illnesses, reproductive issues, and neurological disorders. Considering that the environment can be harming us if it’s not properly cared for has made environmental sustainability a common value among people.
environmental sustainability , environmentalism, protecting the environment, nature (Schwartz)
Schwartz92
equality
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
ethics
ethics , ethical
evolution
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
excellence
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
Schwartz92
exciting life
experience
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
exploration
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
expressiveness
expressiveness , expressive
Haidt, https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Schwartz92
face
While it is true that people say life is not fair, this doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t strive to make it that way. When you value fairness, you can also establish trust and dependability with other people.
fairness , while decision-making
fairness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
faith
Valuing faith can look different to everybody, but it often refers to believing that everything will work out the way that it is supposed to. When you value faith, you will allow your beliefs to guide your decisions.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
family
Whomever you consider to be your “family” may be a primary value to you because they provide you with support and companionship. Family is often a core value in people’s lives and influences decisions such as where to live and how to celebrate holidays.
Schwartz92
family security
famous , fame
famous
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
fearless , fearlessness
fearless
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
feasibility
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
feelings
ferocious
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
fidelity
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
financial stability
fitness
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
Valuing fitness will help you give energy toward the other values in your life. If your body is healthy, your mind can be healthy as well.
focus , focused
focus
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
foresight
Schwartz92
forgiving
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
fortitude
freedom
This is a value that most people hold close to their hearts–and it doesn’t only involve valuing your own freedom–it also encompasses advocating from freedom if you ever see an opportunity to do so.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
friendship , friendships
friendship
frugality
Having a natural tendency to spend money conservatively suggests that you value frugality. This also means you’re looking toward the future and not focusing on immediate satisfaction.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
fun
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
If you value generosity, you understand that it doesn’t just involve giving other people money or tangible items. You can also be generous with your time, compassion, and energy.
generosity
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
genius
giving
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
goodness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Valuing grace means living a life of unconditional love and gratitude. Having grace is at the core of connecting with other people, as it allows you to understand, empathize, and forgive. Many who value grace find it to offer a sense of healing.
grace
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
gratitude
greatness
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
growth
People who value growth are never willing to settle and always look for an opportunity to learn in the face of adversity.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
happiness
While this may seem obvious, many people don’t take the time to truly find what makes them happy to then be able to plan their lives around those things.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
hardworking
hardworking , hard work , workaholism
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
harmony
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz2006
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
health
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
healthy competition , fair competition
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
healthy relationships
Schwartz92
Defining goal: pleasure or sensuous gratification for oneself.
“Hedonism shares elements of both openness to change and self-enhancement.”
hedonism
helpfulness
Schwartz92
helping the unfortunate
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-core-values.html
hierarchy
Schwartz2006
It is very difficult to repair a bad reputation, especially if it is one that suggests you cannot be trusted. Telling the truth and sticking to your word are both critical in the long run, which makes diligently protecting your reputation an important value.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
honesty
honor
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
hope , hopefulness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
hope
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
humility , humbleness
humility
This should not be overlooked when it comes to values, as humor can make a big difference in lightening the load of a difficult situation. When used appropriately, humor can be an effective tool.
humor
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
humor , good humor , humorous attitude
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Valuing imagination can be a huge advantage to anyone in our fast-paced society. Being able to come up with an idea that no one else has thought of before can be a huge part of being successful.
imagination , imaginative
imagination
impartial
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
impartial , impartiality
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
improvement
improvisation
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
Inclusion is a value that focuses on accepting diversity–it supports real opportunities for all people to form meaningful relationships. Just over the last two decades, people’s rights have evolved through policies and laws that require services to offer accommodations allowing everyone to participate. However, inclusion will never be fully realized until people live in line with these policies. Inclusiveness is about having positive interactions with other people and valuing everyone for who they are. That said, it has to be intrinsically motivated and derive from holding the belief that everyone has value and a right to belong.
inclusiveness
independence
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Valuing your independence doesn’t mean that you never rely on other people for anything. It simply means that you have the ability to give something meaningful back whenever you take from someone else. Independence gives you control over your own life and it makes you a creator rather than a user.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
individuality
influence
inner peace
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
This personal core value refers to the ability to be comfortable with yourself, the people around you, and being accepting of the life you’re living.
innovation , innovativeness
Innovation is an important value to some because it encompasses forward thinking and the advancement of society by solving collective problems using methods that are both sustainable and efficient, typically with new technology. Whether you’re engaging in incremental innovation by improving something that already exists, or radical innovation by finding an entirely new way of doing something, valuing innovation means never being complacent by accepting the status quo.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
innovation
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
inquisitive
inquisitive , inquisitiveness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
insightful
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
inspiration
inspiration , inspiring
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
integrity
Schwartz2006
2021-03-05T10:12:08Z
Aldo Gangemi
intellectual autonomy
Valuing intelligence isn’t just acknowledging your natural born ability to understand concepts. It involves constantly yearning to learn more.
intelligence
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
intensity
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Schwartz92
interpersonal
intuitiveness
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
irreverent
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
isolation
joy , joyfulness
joy
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
justice
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
justice , social justice
Valuing justice means that you feel a personal sense of responsibility to achieve equality in the world and you feel compassion for those who are not treated fairly. Learning about confirmation bias is a step in the right direction if you want to treat other fairly.
kindness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
knowledge , knowledgeable
knowledge
lawfulness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
leadership
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
learning
liberty
Haidt
lively
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
logic , logical thinking
logic
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Those who value longevity seek to live in a healthy way in order to spend more time on earth with the ones they love.
longevity
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
love
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Haidt, https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
loyalty
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
management
mastery
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ ; Schwartz2006
maturity
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
meaning
meaning , significance
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
meaningful work
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
Our brains are quick to become accustomed to any type of stimulation. In fact, our bodies are too. This is why doing the exact same workout every day wouldn’t continue to produce results six months after starting the routine. This is also why people go through that honeymoon phase when they meet a new partner. Your brain always wants more. However, this often leads to things that are unhealthy–more junk food, more alcohol, more Netflix. However, if you value moderation, you will find that you’re able to experience more fulfillment and gratification from everyday things. You won’t need to be searching for extremes to find some type of brain rush.
moderation
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
If you value modesty, you let your actions speak for themselves and avoid boasting about your abilities.
modesty
modesty , modest
Schwartz92
https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
morality
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
motivation
Some value the pursuit of new challenges, circumstances, and experiences in life. If you live in the same town where you were born and tend to stick to a routine, novelty is likely not one of your personal core values.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
novelty
objectivity
It is helpful to value objectivity in the workplace because it means you’re willing to look at the facts when you’re confronted with a conflict. You’re able to put your emotions and personal involvement aside.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
Even if you don’t think you will agree with an idea or concept, being able to consider it and be willing to entertain a variety of ideas is a good value to have.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
open-mindedness , openness
open-mindedness
Schwartz92
This dimension captures the conflict between values that emphasize independence of thought, action, and feelings and readiness for change (self-direction, stimulation) and values that emphasize order, self-restriction, preservation of the past, and resistance to change (security, conformity, tradition).”
openness to change
optimism
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
order , orderliness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Many people have a hard time making any personal progress if they’re living in a chaotic environment. Cleanliness and orderliness are often values people hold to maintain a calm state of mind.
order
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
organization
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
Valuing originality means that you walk your own path and stray away from what everyone else seems to be doing. This value comes naturally and can usually be seen through art or creativity.
originality
When you value partnership, you also value collaboration, respect, teamwork, and loyalty. Whether it’s in a business or a personal setting, valuing partnership sets the stage for various ideas and opinions to come together to create something better than the sum of its parts.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
partnership
Having enthusiasm for living your life on your own terms will ensure that you also have the determination that is needed to succeed.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
passion
Valuing patience means recognizing the fact that sometimes the only thing that can make something work out in your favor is time.
patience
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
It’s about learning from our past mistakes and being vigilant about considering if the country is headed in the right direction. Patriotism is a spirit of camaraderie for others who live in this country, regardless of their background. Valuing patriotism is about knowing when the country is fumbling, and doing your part to make it a better place.
patriotism
peace , peaceful
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
peace
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
performance
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
perseverance
People who become very successful have undoubtedly failed more often throughout their lives than many others have even tried. It is easy to quit, but perseverance pays off.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
persistence
Persistence is the determination to keep going, regardless of how you feel. Even if you feel like quitting, you keep working because you know success doesn’t come without a cost. Valuing persistence is a motivating factor in continuing to take action on the days that you want to quit, which allows you to keep accumulating results. With persistence, you press on until you achieve whatever goal you’re working toward.
Individual values are subjective beliefs of individuals (a) associated with affect, (b) referring to goals that motivate action, (c) transcending specific situations, (d) serving as evaluative standards, (e) ordered according to their relative (our emphasis) importance, and (f) guiding individuals’ action
(Schwartz2102).
Individual values are responses to three universal requirements: biological needs, agreement on social actions, survival and well-being of groups (Schwartz1992).
personal focus
Schwartz92
personal security
philanthropy
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
playfulness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
If you can really appreciate a good break from hard work to have a laugh, you probably value playfulness. Letting your mind relax is healthy in order to be really effective once you get back to work.
pleasure
Schwartz92
poise
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
politeness
Schwartz92
positivity , positive Mindset
positivity
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
potential
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Defining goal: social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources.
power
Schwartz92
There are certainly some things in life that you can never prepare for, but by valuing this quality, people are able to either avoid or mitigate unwelcomed circumstances. Identifying risks in any area of your life and coming up with potential plans for action is rarely something that is regretted.
preparedness
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
presence , present
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
productivity , productiveness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
productivity
This isn’t just about knowing how to act professionally in the workplace. It is also about knowing how to be polite, use good manners, and be dependable in your everyday life.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
professionalism
prosperity
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
punctuality
The thing about valuing punctuality is that it shows a great respect for other people’s time as well. This allows people to depend on you and hopefully have a mutual respect for your time as well.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
purpose
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
quality
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
racing towards goals until achieved
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
realism
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
realism , realistic
reason , reasonability, Reasonable
reason
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
receptiveness
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
recognition
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
Valuing recognition of your work means that you know its importance and you want other people to see that as well. You want confirmation of its importance to the world. This doesn’t mean that you always feel like you need to be praised, it’s simply a value that means you feel a sense of satisfaction when you’re reassured that you’re adding value to some sort of domain. Being recognized for your work helps you stay motivated to maintain–or even improve–your performance.
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
recreation
reflection , reflective, Reflectiveness
reflection
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
relaxation
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
reliability
How easy is it for you to cope with adversity? If you value resilience, you strive to be flexible, go with the flow, and bounce back after things don’t go your way.
resilience
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
respect , respectfulness , respect for others
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
respect
Giving and receiving respect is important because it fosters a sense of connection between people and it makes us feel comfortable expressing ourselves to others. Valuing respect means you’re able to accept other people, despite their difference in background or beliefs from your own. Having respect helps build feelings of trust, security, and safety.
https://benjaminspall.com/core-values/
respect for self
Some people strongly value having a sense of sole personal accountability for the success of a specific area of their community or group. This often promotes self-confidence and can lead to a deep sense of accomplishment.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
responsibility
Responsiveness is an important value that seems to have gone missing from many people, both personally and professionally. And, with the endless ways to get in touch these days, it’s surprising that some people simply fail to do so. Those who value responsiveness make it a point to answer others’ inquiries in a timely manner because that is how they prefer people to respond to them. Valuing responsiveness is also about valuing respect for other people and their time.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
responsiveness
rest
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
Knowing when to stop is a huge factor in success. You need to rest your body and your mind to be on top of your game when it really counts.
Restraint naturally emerges in the short pause your body takes after breathing in and before breathing out. Your mind and body both know how to pause before taking action, allowing you the time to generate awareness and consider the results of your next move before choosing to take it. Valuing this ability to pause helps you make decisions in a deeper state of awareness to determine the best course of action.
restraint
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
results-oriented
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
reverence
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
rigor
risk , risk-Taking
If you value taking risks, you know that if you follow your gut, there is a chance that it will lead to a huge payoff. You’re not afraid to face the option of failing if there is also an option for success.
risk
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
risk-management
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
rules
Schwartz92
sanctity
Haidt
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
satisfaction
security
Defining goal: safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self.
People want to minimize their risk of being a victim of any type of security threat, which makes this a common value.
Schwartz92
This is a very important core value to have, as it lets you realize when you’ve messed up and pinpoint how you can fix your mistakes in the future. Having self-awareness also means you know why you react to certain situations in the way that you do and recognize triggers that may lead to certain emotions.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
self-awareness
self-confidence
self-confidence , self-reliance
Having this value involves being successful in such a way that you recognize your skills are making a positive contribution to your community or those around you.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
self-control
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
self-direction
Defining goal: independent thought and action–choosing, creating, exploring.
Schwartz92
self-discipline
Schwartz92
Schwartz92
self-enhancement
“The second dimension contrasts ‘self-enhancement’ and ‘self-transcendence’ values. This dimension captures the conflict between values that emphasize concern for the welfare and interests of others (universalism, benevolence) and values that emphasize pursuit of one’s own interests and relative success and dominance over others (power, achievement).”
self-indulgence
Schwartz92
self-love
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
Schwartz92
self-protection
self-respect
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
Those who value self-respect know when to say “no” to anything in their lives that is emotionally, mentally, or financially unhealthy. Valuing self-respect means knowing your worth, your value, and being willing to advocate for yourself whenever necessary. Given these beliefs, you’re able to set boundaries with other people and draw a firm line in regard to how you will and won’t be treated.
“The second dimension contrasts ‘self-enhancement’ and ‘self-transcendence’ values. This dimension captures the conflict between values that emphasize concern for the welfare and interests of others (universalism, benevolence) and values that emphasize pursuit of one’s own interests and relative success and dominance over others (power, achievement).”
Schwartz92
self-transcendence
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
selflessness
selflessness , selfless
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
sensitivity
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
serenity
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
When one of your personal core values is service, you find a sense of fulfillment in sharing your talents or abilities with others in a way that is beneficial to their lives, and you’re willing to contribute to your society without expecting anything in return.
service
service , service to others
sharing
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
silence
People tend to make things more complicated than they need to be. Those who prefer to keep things straightforward are those who value simplicity.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
simplicity
sincerity
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
This can go hand-in-hand with honesty, but it also involves being authentic in everything you say and avoiding putting on any type of front to impress other people.
skill
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
skillfulness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
smart
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
social focus
2021-03-04T10:30:13Z
social order
Schwartz92
Schwartz92
societal security
solitude
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
spirit
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
spirituality
spontaneity , spontaneous
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
spontaneity
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
stability
status , social status , prestige
Schwartz92
stewardship
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
stillness
Embracing silence or calmness can not only be a great value to have, but also a great skill. Those who know when to speak and when to listen are often highly respected.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
Defining goal: excitement, novelty, and challenge in life.
Schwartz92
stimulation
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
strength
Valuing structure involves having a sense of control over your surroundings and exercising discipline to maintain an acceptable level of restriction.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
structure
success , successful
Schwartz92
success
support , supportiveness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
support
surprise
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
sustainability
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
talent
Your talents are your abilities, skills, and competencies that govern what you can do. With a growth mindset, you work on developing your talents over time because you know that you can. When you value talent in yourself and in others, you can optimize your time by working in line with your realized value. If you happen to have true talent in a specific area–either personally or professionally–you also possess a great amount of intrinsic value that can have a strong positive impact on your life.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
teamwork
temperament
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
temperance
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
thankfulness
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
thoroughfulness
thoughtfulness , thought (Schwartz)
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
timeliness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
Valuing tolerance goes beyond having an ability to “put up” with something. When you value tolerance, it means you have a positive view toward relationships among people who differ from each other. Tolerance can be linked to respect, equality, and independence. Valuing tolerance makes it possible for conflicting beliefs and ideas to coexist, as long as they lie within common moral values. Tolerance is a critical component in social unity and can be a remedy to prejudice.
tolerance
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
toughness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
tradition , traditional, eespect for tradition
Defining goal: respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that one’s culture or religion provides.
Valuing tradition would involve ritualizing some sort of history in your life to add a sense of enrichment, and passing that on to subsequent generations. Think of your family traditions for holidays, birthdays, or even just summer nights. If you value tradition, you’re likely to teach these things to future generations of your family to keep the traditions going. Many people value tradition because it helps define the uniqueness of a family or any type of tight-knit community.
tradition
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
tranquility
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
transparency
trust
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
trust , trustworthiness, Trustworthy
trusting relationships
Valuing trusting relationships means that one of your top priorities is to be able to express your thoughts and feelings in a mutually trusting environment where you and the other person have confidence in the integrity of one another.
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
truth , truthfulness
truth
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
understanding
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
uniqueness
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
The value of unity is that everyone on a team or in a group setting is respected. Unity breeds cooperation, increases people’s enthusiasm, and furnishes an empowering atmosphere. When you value unity, you believe in fostering a sense of belonging and improving everyone’s wellbeing.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
unity
Defining goal: understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature.
universalism
Schwartz92
valor
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
https://www.developgoodhabits.com/core-values/
Our society loves “things”. We love extra features, “all-in-one” products, and things of the sort–and we also love saving money. Putting those two things together undoubtedly makes versatility a common value among people. Recycling and repurposing are popular ways in which people act on their value of versatility, as reusing older products to make something “new” or completely starting from scratch with used materials are both environmentally sustainable practices, which are also valued among people.
versatility
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
vibrant
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
victory
vigor
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/ , https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
vision
vitality
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
wealth
Schwartz92
Whether you value wealth to be able to provide for your family or to be able to live a peaceful life, this is a personal core value that isn’t as selfish as it may sound.
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
welcoming
will
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
https://scottjeffrey.com/core-values-list/
winning
wisdom
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/ , Schwartz92
Valuing wisdom isn’t just about putting an emphasis on knowledge. It is also about having your knowledge stand the test of time and being able to reflect on your experiences to exact your knowledge.
https://georgetownpsychology.com/inner-values/
wonder
work-Life_Balance
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
workmanship
Schwartz92
world_of_Peace
zeal
https://themindfool.com/list-of-core-values-for-a-balanced-life/
an ideal accepted by some individual or group; "he has old-fashioned values"